Cross protection between the first and second waves of the 1918 influenza pandemic among soldiers of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) in Ontario.
Identifieur interne : 000221 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000220; suivant : 000222Cross protection between the first and second waves of the 1918 influenza pandemic among soldiers of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) in Ontario.
Auteurs : Kandace Bogaert [Canada]Source :
- Vaccine [ 1873-2518 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Analyse de survie, Femelle, Grippe humaine (anatomopathologie), Grippe humaine (immunologie), Grippe humaine (mortalité), Grippe humaine (épidémiologie), Hospitalisation, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Ontario, Pandémies, Personnel militaire, Pneumopathie infectieuse (anatomopathologie), Pneumopathie infectieuse (mortalité), Pneumopathie infectieuse (épidémiologie), Protection croisée.
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Grippe humaine, Pneumopathie infectieuse.
- immunologie : Grippe humaine.
- mortalité : Grippe humaine, Pneumopathie infectieuse.
- épidémiologie : Grippe humaine, Pneumopathie infectieuse.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Analyse de survie, Femelle, Hospitalisation, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Ontario, Pandémies, Personnel militaire, Protection croisée.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross Protection, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Influenza, Human (epidemiology), Influenza, Human (immunology), Influenza, Human (mortality), Influenza, Human (pathology), Male, Middle Aged, Military Personnel, Ontario, Pandemics, Pneumonia (epidemiology), Pneumonia (mortality), Pneumonia (pathology), Survival Analysis, Young Adult.
- MESH :
- epidemiology : Influenza, Human, Pneumonia.
- immunology : Influenza, Human.
- mortality : Influenza, Human, Pneumonia.
- pathology : Influenza, Human, Pneumonia.
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross Protection, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Military Personnel, Ontario, Pandemics, Survival Analysis, Young Adult.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This research analyses morbidity and mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic among Ontario soldiers in the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF). This paper asks: did exposure to influenza during the first wave confer protection against illness and death during the second wave of the pandemic?
METHODS
Pneumonia and influenza (P&I) cases and deaths among Ontario soldiers were transcribed from the 1918 Admission and Discharge books for the CEF. Following the methods of Barry et al. [10], hospital admission and mortality rates for P&I were compared for new recruits (<1 month service) and seasoned soldiers (>1 month service) in order to assess the possibility of cross protection during successive waves of the pandemic.
RESULTS
The first wave of the 1918 influenza pandemic occurred between March and May of 1918, with the second wave erupting from September to December. Mortality in the second wave was more severe, with a case fatality rate of 4.7%, which was more than double the rate of 2.3% from March to May. Seasoned soldiers experienced 82.5% protection from illness due to P&I illness in the fall, and 84% protection from death.
CONCLUSIONS
The morbidity data for the soldier population of Ontario, data unavailable for civilians, confirms the presence of a herald wave in Ontario. The findings support the hypothesis that exposure to influenza during the first wave of the pandemic had a protective effect during the second more deadly wave in the fall. Regional heterogeneity characterized the pandemic among soldiers in Ontario. Conscription practices may have funnelled vulnerable recruits, such as rural farmers, into training camps after the first wave of the pandemic, but prior to the second wave.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.120
PubMed: 26546737
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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Electronic address: bogaerkl@mcmaster.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, McMaster University</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Hamilton (Ontario)</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université McMaster</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Vaccine</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-2518</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Cross Protection</term><term>Female</term><term>Hospitalization</term><term>Humans</term><term>Influenza, Human (epidemiology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (immunology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (mortality)</term><term>Influenza, Human (pathology)</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Military Personnel</term><term>Ontario</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Pneumonia (epidemiology)</term><term>Pneumonia (mortality)</term><term>Pneumonia (pathology)</term><term>Survival Analysis</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Analyse de survie</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Grippe humaine (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Grippe humaine (immunologie)</term><term>Grippe humaine (mortalité)</term><term>Grippe humaine (épidémiologie)</term><term>Hospitalisation</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Ontario</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Personnel militaire</term><term>Pneumopathie infectieuse (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Pneumopathie infectieuse (mortalité)</term><term>Pneumopathie infectieuse (épidémiologie)</term><term>Protection croisée</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Pneumopathie infectieuse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term><term>Pneumonia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term><term>Pneumonia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Pneumopathie infectieuse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term><term>Pneumonia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Pneumopathie infectieuse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Cross Protection</term><term>Female</term><term>Hospitalization</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Military Personnel</term><term>Ontario</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Survival Analysis</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Analyse de survie</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Hospitalisation</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Ontario</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Personnel militaire</term><term>Protection croisée</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVES</b></p><p>This research analyses morbidity and mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic among Ontario soldiers in the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF). This paper asks: did exposure to influenza during the first wave confer protection against illness and death during the second wave of the pandemic?</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>Pneumonia and influenza (P&I) cases and deaths among Ontario soldiers were transcribed from the 1918 Admission and Discharge books for the CEF. Following the methods of Barry et al. [10], hospital admission and mortality rates for P&I were compared for new recruits (<1 month service) and seasoned soldiers (>1 month service) in order to assess the possibility of cross protection during successive waves of the pandemic.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>The first wave of the 1918 influenza pandemic occurred between March and May of 1918, with the second wave erupting from September to December. Mortality in the second wave was more severe, with a case fatality rate of 4.7%, which was more than double the rate of 2.3% from March to May. Seasoned soldiers experienced 82.5% protection from illness due to P&I illness in the fall, and 84% protection from death.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>The morbidity data for the soldier population of Ontario, data unavailable for civilians, confirms the presence of a herald wave in Ontario. The findings support the hypothesis that exposure to influenza during the first wave of the pandemic had a protective effect during the second more deadly wave in the fall. Regional heterogeneity characterized the pandemic among soldiers in Ontario. Conscription practices may have funnelled vulnerable recruits, such as rural farmers, into training camps after the first wave of the pandemic, but prior to the second wave.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26546737</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>05</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>21</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-2518</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>33</Volume><Issue>51</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Dec</Month><Day>16</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Vaccine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Vaccine</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Cross protection between the first and second waves of the 1918 influenza pandemic among soldiers of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) in Ontario.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>7232-7238</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0264-410X(15)01576-5</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.120</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">This research analyses morbidity and mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic among Ontario soldiers in the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF). This paper asks: did exposure to influenza during the first wave confer protection against illness and death during the second wave of the pandemic?</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Pneumonia and influenza (P&I) cases and deaths among Ontario soldiers were transcribed from the 1918 Admission and Discharge books for the CEF. Following the methods of Barry et al. [10], hospital admission and mortality rates for P&I were compared for new recruits (<1 month service) and seasoned soldiers (>1 month service) in order to assess the possibility of cross protection during successive waves of the pandemic.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The first wave of the 1918 influenza pandemic occurred between March and May of 1918, with the second wave erupting from September to December. Mortality in the second wave was more severe, with a case fatality rate of 4.7%, which was more than double the rate of 2.3% from March to May. Seasoned soldiers experienced 82.5% protection from illness due to P&I illness in the fall, and 84% protection from death.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The morbidity data for the soldier population of Ontario, data unavailable for civilians, confirms the presence of a herald wave in Ontario. The findings support the hypothesis that exposure to influenza during the first wave of the pandemic had a protective effect during the second more deadly wave in the fall. Regional heterogeneity characterized the pandemic among soldiers in Ontario. Conscription practices may have funnelled vulnerable recruits, such as rural farmers, into training camps after the first wave of the pandemic, but prior to the second wave.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bogaert</LastName><ForeName>Kandace</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Canada. 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